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(No Model.) 5 Sheets Sheet 1. E. WISEMAN 8v J. HOLROYD.

Patented Marr. 22, 1898. y

HYDROGARBON MoToR. No. 600,974!

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. E. WISEMAN 8a J. HOLROYD.

HYDROGARBON MOTOR. No, 600,974. Patented Mar. 22,1898.

(No Model.)

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Patented Mer. 22, 1898.

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HYDROGARBON MOTOR.

No. 600,974. Patented Mar. 22,1898.

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Srnrns PATENT Ormea.

EDMUND lVlSl-EMAN, OF LUTON, AND JOHN HOLROYD, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

i-ivnaooAasoN-Moroa.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 600,974, dated March 22, 1898.

Application led April l, 1896. Serial No. 535,781. [No model.) Patented in England June l2, 1894, No. 11,369.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that we, EDMUND VISEMAN, a resident of Luton, in the county of Bedford, and JOHN lfonnovn, a resident of London, in the county of Middlesex, England, subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented new and useful Improvements in Hydrocarbon-Motors, (for which we have obtained a patentin Great Britain, No. 11,369, dated June 12, 1891,) of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in that class of hydrocarbon-motors consuming crude, heavy, or light hydrocarbon oils, as shown in British patent to O. T. TWordsworth, No. 7,521 of 1388, and which may be used either for land or marine purposes, and has for its objects, first, the production of a better combustible mixture or vapor from crude or heavy hydrocarbon oils or light hydrocarbon oils, as maybe required; secondly, to provide means for producing the aforesaid gas'- eous mixture, and also means for producing a gaseous mixture from lighter hydrocarbon oils and air previous to its entrance into the combustion-chamber of the working cylinder; thirdly, to provide a Bunsen burner supplied by and used in combination with an oil-gas generator for the purpose of heating a generator formed on or applied to the combustionchamber of the working cylinder; fourthly, an improved method of relightin g the Bunsen burner just referred to; fifthly, to provide a bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe for producing initial heat for starting the motor or for other purposes; sixthly, the im proved method of accu m ulating air under pressure for starting and other purposes; seventhly, a special method of providing an air-blast at a suitable pressure through the medium of a water column acting upon and displacing a volume of air in inclosed vessels or reservoirs of any desired number, such air-blast being used for invigorating a heavy carbonaceous fiame of a bunsenized lamp or blowpipe; eighthly, a device for accurately measuring the liquid hydrocarbon to be vaporized, and, ninthly, an improved method of governing hydrocarbonmotors. We attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying sheets of drawings, in which- Figure 1, Sheet l, is a longitudinal section;

Fig. 2, a plan, Fig. o, an end view; Fig. 4l, a sectional end view. Fig. 1 is a plan in section of the gas-generator at line A B, Fig. l. Fig. 1 is a broken sectional plan showing an enlarged channel passage or pipe i, running parallel with the extended combustionchamber t" and communicating in the direction of the arrows, through an enlarged valve i5, with the said extended combustion-chamber i. lVhen this arrangement is used, the valve CL3 (shown in Fig. l) is dispensed with, the whole of the charge passing from i through the charge-inlet valve i5 into the extended combustion-chamber t", and Fig. 5, Sheet Il, a side view, partly in section, of our improved hydrocarbon-motor. Figs. 6, 7, S, and 9 are vertical sections and plans, respectively, showing two modifications of our improved gas-generator. Fig. 10 is a side view and shows how the latter generator may be applied to a horizontal type of hydrocarbonmotor. Fig. 11 is a side view, partly in section, of a modification 0f the gas-generator extension. Fig. 12 is a vertical section, and Fig. 13 a plan, of our improved liquid-hydrocarbon measuring and feeding device; and Figs. 14, 15, and 16, respectively, a longitudinal section, plan, and end view of a moditication of the same. Fig. 17, Sheet III, is a vertical section of the continuous gas-maker and heating-burner; and Fig. 18, a plan of the bunsenized heating-burner only employed for providing heat when running the motor light or during stoppages. Fig. 19 is a vertical section of the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe; and Figs. 20, 21, and 22 are elevations of various forms of devices for creating a slight air-pressure for the purpose of intensifying a heavy carbonaceous iiame or Bunsen burner used in connection with our improved hydrocarbon-motor and for propelling the piston when starting the motor, as hereinafter explained. Fig. 5X, Sheet IV, is an enlarged view of a part of Fig. 5, Sheet Il; Fig. 2X, an enlarged view of the air-valve and its operating mechanism, Sheet I; Fig. 3X, Sheet V, an enlarged view of Fig. 3, Sheet I; and Fig. 2XX, some details, further enlarged.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

In carrying out our invention, and referring to Sheets I and Il, we employ one or more IOO working cylinders-say one-on annexed drawings marked d, which is water-jacketed and properly secured to a base plate or bed b, which may form or be adapted to receive tanks c c for the storage of hydrocarbon oil. A piston d, moving freely in the cylinder d, is connected by a rod e to a crank-shaft f, to which is attached-a ily-Wheel g. The combustion-chamber a of the working cylinder d is provided with Vthe port or passage d2 and valve a3 for the purpose of permitting the entrance of the combustible gases previous to their combustion. After work has been given off and motion imparted to the piston CZ the residual gases are allowed to pass outward through the exhaust-valve CL4, operated from any moving part of the motor-say bya cam h, fixed on the lay-shaft h', and bya le- Ver h2.

In the British Patent No. 7,521 of 1888, hereinbefore referred to, the combustible charge is generated by passing hydrocarbon oil along a spiral passage in communication with a hotair chamber and inclosed vessel, which are subjected to the action of a Bunsen or other burner, whereby the said hydrocarbon oil is vaporized, the said burner being used principally when starting the motor. This gasgenerator, which is practically one with and is heated by the walls of the combustionchamber or surrounding parts at the back end of the working cylinder, the same not being water-jacketed, is employed in connection with annular chambers (also forming part of the walls of the combustion-chambers, in one of which the gaseous vapor was further superheated and vaporized, thus preventing condensation) for the purpose of utilizing the heat from the combustion of the charge for the vaporization of the hydrocarbon oil without continuous use of the burner,

4the charge thus generated .being ignited by a heated tube or its equivalent, if desired.

In lieu of the gas-generator just described we employ at the end of the Working cylinder a a gas-generatori, which may be of any suitable shape within the scope of our invention and is formed by the walls of the combustionchamber (or more precisely a reduced extension of the combustion-chamber) and the surrounding or adjacent parts or compartments or their equivalent, the latter being preferably cast on the said extension of the combustion-chamber. Heat resulting from successive explosions and combustion of the gases is picked up by the walls of the reduced extended combustion-chamber and the surrounding or adjacent parts or compartments and is then given back at a suitable temperature for the production of the gaseous mixture used for each combustible charge.

By preferen ce our improved generator i consists of a metallic box suitably secured to the end of the Working cylinder a and having functionally three compartments t" 'i2 3. The compartment 'i' forms an extension or part of the combustion-chamber a and is in direct communication with the interior of the working cylinder d. The compartment i2 next to the extended combustion-chamber t" acts as a vaporizing and superheating chamber and forms a tortuous or winding passage (or a series of the same) which receives heat from the reduced extended combustion-chamber t" and adjacent or surrounding parts and gives an increased heating-surface for the purpose of vaporizing and superheating the gaseous mixture. The compartment i3 next to the last-named one is an air-heating compartment into which hot or cold air is suitably introduced, which compartment forms also a tortuous or winding passage (or a series of same) in communication with the vaporizing and superheating compartment The compartments 2 @"3 communicate with a hydrocarbonoil conduit k, connected to a measuring apparatus, hereinafter more fully described, the said air-heating compartment being also heated by the adjacent or surrounding parts of the extended comb ustion-chamberfz. Air admitted into the compartment is through opening or pipe ar, Fig. 2, is highly heated by passing through its winding passage until it reaches an opening or port i4, (or a valve,) communicating with the vaporizing-chamber i2 beneath. At this point a supply of hydrocarbon oil is introduced through the conduit 7s and commingled with the superheated air, both entering together the tortuous or winding passage of the vaporizing-chamber i2, Where they are vaporized and superheated and where the gaseous mixture thus prepared is stored for use in suitable quantities for the charge and other purposes connected with the motor. 1

It will be seen that the two compartments or chambers 'i2 and 3, which have, respectively, the functions described,are practically one long winding passage disposed as a tier (or row above row) forming part of or in intimate union or close contact with the extended combustion-chamber t and surrounding or adjacent parts and for the purpose of conductivity being preferably cast onto the same. It Will also be understood that the hydrocarbon-oil port @"1 or inlet to'the generator i may be at any suitable part of the tortuous or Winding passage. The gaseous mixture thus made being in close proximity to the combustion-chamber a' and its extension t' is thus superheated and maintained at a suitable temperature, thus avoiding condensation, and may be used for igniting and other purposes-. e., starting as well as driving the motor-by impregnating the cylinder with a suitable quantity of the gaseous mixture so prepared with air at ordinary temperatures or heated, if necessary, and under pressure, if desirable. The gas thus made is dry and evolves a very light hydrocarbon spirit, which immediately reaches the point of ignition by a sudden increase of temperature due to compression, thus igniting the whole body of the combustible mixture in the combustion- IIO chamber a and subsequently giving off work on the piston (Z. This gaseous mixture may, if desired, be used in the body of a slidevalve, plug, or its equivalent containing a pilot-light or may be used in a mutlie for externally heating a tube for starting and igniting purposes. 'When using the said gaseous mixture for driving the motor, a portion of the same is drawn by the action of the piston d into the combustion-chamber a through the charge-inlet valve a3 (or valves) and port or passage d2 or, as arranged in Fig. lXX, through valve if", and in conjunction with air from the main air-supply port or valve a5, drawn into the combustion-chamber d of the working cylinder a, is compressed, ignited, and reexpanded, and gives ofi' useful work on the piston d, as is well understood. rlhe supply of air for the air-valve ai is taken from the inside of base b through branch pipe b3 and holes b4 in base b. The charge-inlet valve a3 is operated by a lever 7a2, xed upon a rocking shaft 7J, having alever kt, operated by a cam h5 on the lay-shaft 7L.

We have found in practice that, for the purpose of preventing accumulations and fouling and of sustaining a more equable and higher temperature throughout the combustioncliamber a and its extended portion, and thus securing a more perfect vaporization within the vaporiZing-chamber i2, it is of advantage to admit a portion of the charge at or near the end of such extended portion of the combustion-chamber for instance, by a passage `iX (or passages) and pipe t, leading to chamber i2 by way of an auxiliary valve t5, Figs. l and 2, (or valves,) into the reduced extension t" of the combustion-chamber a, the said auxiliary valve or valves operating at about the same time as the ordinary chargeinlet valve a3 by a lever t, actuated by a rod 'il from the rocking shaft 7c3.

XVe may also, if desirable, employ in combination with above two or more ordinary charge-inlet valves in lieu of the one ordinarily used.

'We sometimes draw aqueous vapor from any suitable source through the reduced ettension i into the coinbustion-chainber a, in which case the form of valve (shown in Fig. l) would be substituted by he one shown in Fig. il, Sheet il.

referring to the modifications of the gasgenerator t' described, Figs. (i and show the air heating and vaporizing chambers and arranged around the comb ustion-chain ber extension t" in the forni of superposed annular passages, forming also a tier and communicating with each other at opposite sides, while Figs. S and 9 show the same in the form of a coil.

In each case suitable ports or passages are formed in the generator i'. for the conduct of the air to be heated and the hydrocarbon oil to be vaporized, the prepared charge being admitted into the combustion-chamber extension t" by the valves ai, in this case employed at the outer end thereof.

In order to facilitate the preliminary heating of the generator t' in the said modified forms-say by means of the continuous gasmaker and heating-burner and the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe hereinafter fully described we arrange at the side or end of the generator t' an annular chamber or hood 6, having an opening t7 at one side into which the flame of the said burner or lamp is directed, the flame extending itself around the hood i and thus heating the inclosed generator t'. To assist in carrying off the products of combustion, small holes is are formed in the top of the hood is.

Fig. l shows how any of the modified forms of gas-generators may be applied to horizontal type of hydrocarbon-motors. e. by forming the combustion-chamber extension t" in elbow fashion, positioned vertically.

The main air-inlet valve a is operated in the usual manner by a leVer-and-cam arrangement. However, instead of using one cam only we employ, secured upon the layshaft t, two cams Z Z, of vdifferent form and time, adapted to operate upon a bowl Z2, arranged to be adjusted laterally on the main valve-lever Z-for instance, by means of a pin ZfI-whereby the said bowl can be brought into the path ot' either of the said cams and thus the time of operation of the air-valve a5 be altered at will to facilitate the starting of the motor. The said adjustment may be made while the motor is in operation or at rest.

The gas-generator described may in the first instance be heated externally to the required temperature by the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe or other means hereinafter referred to, and, if desired, a suitable part externally of the generator or reduced extended combustion-chamber t" may be formed with ribs or their equivalents, as shown in Fig. 5, to which ribs the hereinafter-mentioned continuous gas-maker and heating-burner may be suitably attached. lVhen the desired temperature is reached, the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe may be extinguished or lowered, if desired, as the generator and motor become then independent of extraneous heat and will work automatically, developing full power.

For sustaining the gas-generator t' and reduced combustion-chamber extension t" at the required temperature after the motor has been started when ruiming light we employ a continuous gas-maker and heating-burner, (shown in Figs. 17 and 18 in elevation and plan, respectively,) which consists, so far as the gas-maker is concerned, principally of two tubular cylindrical parts lm m', iitting into each other, preferably conical, formed with a groove 'm2 (or grooves) between the two faces of the said parts, the hydrocarbon oil being suitably introduced into the said groove or IOO IIO

groovessay from a supply vessel .933 (see Fig. 2) and air-feed pipes 7133 and T34, having taps by the pipe 'm3 and valve m4.

In order to vaporize the hydrocarbon oil while passing through the groove m2, (or grooves,) the said continuous gas-maker is combined with a bunsenized heating-burner m5, the iiame of which plays through the middle of the continuous gas-maker, thus heating the same and gasifying the hydrocarbon oil, and the gas thus produced is conveyed to a jet-pieqerpjlformed at the extension of m, playing into an air-tube m15, forming part of the bunsenized heating-burner m5, whereby the vapor is bunsenized, as will be readily understood. A regulating tap and needle m12 are provided to control the volume of gas issuing from the jet-piece m9.

A portion of the gas made by the continuous gas-maker and heating-burner may be introduced into the gas-generator-say, for instance, by a pipe m8, connected with the cone m/-as shown, in order to facilitate an earlier start with the motor.

To prepare for stoppages and restarting and to facilitate relighting the said continuous gas-maker and heating-burner, we attach the latter (lettered m and m) to the gas-generator t' in the manner shown in Fig. 5, so that when the hydrocarbon oil isintroduced into the passage m2 by opening the regulatingvalve m4 it is, by reason of the heat received by conduction from the generator t', gasified, when the bunsenized heating-burner m5 may be relighted for the purpose of sustaining heat in the gas-generator i, as previously described.

As an initial heating medium for the continuous gas-maker and heating-burner, Figs. 17 and 1S, and at the same time the generator/L' and reduced extended combustion-chamber i', (the burner m5 being meanwhile removed,) we preferably employ a bunsenized' oil-gas blowpipe, Fig. 19, which is also applicable to other purposes, connected with the hydrocarbon-motor, and may be suitably attached to same. As shown in Fig. 17, the burner m5 is held by its pipe m15, fitting into a bracket mx, and said pipe may be readily inserted into or removed from said bracket. The said bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe consists of a gas-maker formed of two tubular cylindrical parts m m', (see Fig. 19, elevation partly in section,) fitting into each other, preferably conical, and formed with a groove m2 (or grooves) between the faces of the said parts, into which groove hydrocarbon oil is suitably introduced either by pressure or gravitation,as illustrated in Fig. 17 ,where pipe with inlet m3 and regulating-needle valve m4 leads to said groove, from which the said hydrocarbon oil is conveyed to a jet-ring n, employed in a vaporizmg-disltha'viga'cover n2, with an aperture or apertures n3 for the admission of air, the said cover forming a part of the gas-maker cone m. The vaporizer-dish n has also an open raised cone n2 in center of same for inducing air in addition to that from jet-piece n. Over the said jetring is employed in the vaporizing-dish n a deflector n* for the purpose of building up thliamm and the vaporizing-dish itself is suitably'shpported-say by cross-shaped arms ln-and arranged in connection with an airjet pipe n and jet-piece n, similar to a blowpipe.

As soon as the parts m m of the continuous gas-maker, Fig. 17, are sufficiently heated by the action of the flame of the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe the latter is withdrawn and the bunsenized heating-burner m5, Fig. 1S, is attached to evolve gas, the regulating-tap and regulating-needle being adjusted when the generator and Bunsen burner combined work automatically. A portion of the gas made by the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe may be introduced into the gas-generator say, for instance, by a pipe la7, connected at n3 to the cone 'nr-in order to facilitate an earlier start with the motor.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet I, and Figs. 5, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 1G, Sheet Il, the liquid hydrocarbon is fed into the gas-generator t' in measured quantities from a reser- Voir c, preferably arranged in the bed of the motor in the following manner: Upon the working cylinder c1., FiO. 5, is mounted upon a sight-feed glass oX a vessel 0, covered by a lid and connected by means of apipe o to a pump o2, employed in the hydrocarbon-oil reservoir c, which pump is actuated from the lay-shaft h' and supplies the vessel o constantly with hydrocarbon oil, another pipe, 03, connected with the vessel 0, allowing the excess of oil to flow back into the reservoir c. Near the bottom of vessel o is employed a measuring device pX, which is immersed in the liquid hydrocarbon and consists of a disk p, (see Figs. 12 and 13,) formed with concentrically-arranged chambers p6, each of a capacity equal to the maximum quantity of liquid hydrocarbon used when working at full power and caused to move between two metallic facesviz., a base-plate p and a cover 2oz-the said disk being secured upon a shaft p4, suitably rotated and mounted in the base-plate p and cover p2, which latter is held in position by studsand springs p5. The chambers p6 are timed to operate in conjunction with ports and passages p3 p9, ps serving for the inlet and p9 for the outlet of the liquid hydrocarbon, the latter being suitably brought into communication with the vaporizing-chamber i2 of the gas-generator l say by the sightfeed glass o and pipe 7c. A vent or other passage 293 is formed in the plate p2 and communicates with a tube p10, fixed upon the coverplate p2 and leading to the atmosphere.

The chambers p6 passing successively underneath the passage p3 during the period of the suction-stroke of.Y the motor-piston, the liquid hydrocarbon contained in the respective chambers p6 is drawn into the generator z' by way of the pipe p7, sight-feed glass 0X, and

IOO

IIO

IIS

pipe 7U' when drawing the combustible vapor into the working cylinder.

ln the present instance the disk p is rotated from the rocking shaft 7e3 in the following manner: Upon the disk-shaft p1 is fixed a ratchet-wheel q, in which engages a pawl q, carried by a lever-arm q2, oscillating loosely upon the shaft p". To the top of the vessel o is hinged a bell-crank lever Q3, (see Fig. 3,) the lower end of which by means of a link g4 is connected to the lever-arm q2 and the upper end by means of a rod qi to a lever QG, fixed upon the rocking shaft 7c3, so that upon each oscillation of the latter the disk-chambers p are brought successively over the inlet and outlet ports ps and p9.

In lieu of carrying out the main features connected with the said measuring device in a rota-ry form, as described, the measuringdisk may take the form of a reciprocating slide, as shown in Figs. ll, l5, and 16.

Tile also provide means for accumulating air under pressure to be used for starting and other purposes (see Figs. l, 2, 3, and 5) by the application to the working cylinder c of a port fr?, valve fr', the latter operating in a casing shown in section and actuated by suitable levers, bowl, and cams, or any moving part of the motor, (one of the levers j being extended to serve as a manual-lever for operating valve fr when starting the motor,) and governor mechanism actuating and controlling valve fr through the aforesaid levers, bowl, and cams, and an outlet-pipe 0" leading from valve fr to one or more air chambers or reservoirs in any suitable position, but preferably cast in or forming a part of the base l), with a stop-cock or regulating-tap r3 interposed in the outlet-pipe r", the said air volume being trapped off from the working cylinder Cl, during the idle strokes of the motor. lVhen the motor is running, air drawn into the cylinder a during the previous outstroke is compressed by the piston d on its instroke during the idle strokes of the motor and is forced by way of port r2, valve fr, and outletpipe fr into the chamber c under compression and there stored for utilization in the manner hereinafter explained, the valve r at this time being lifted off its seat by the bell-crank leverj2 under the action of the governor and connecting parts, as hereinafter described in detail. The air so stored is permitted to accumulate in chamber c to any desired pressure or until the pressures in the chamber c and the cylinder a coincide in equilibrium, when no more air can pass into chamber c', which may then be secured against leaking by turning the stop-cock The spring for returning valve fr is arranged to offer sufficient resistance to allow of the accumulation of any desired pressure in the chamber d, and after such pressure is obtained the spring automatically relieves any superadded pres- D sure from the chamber c' to the cylinder.

The means whereby the valve fr is actuated under the control of the governor is as follows: The lever j is secured to a rock-shaft j', carried by a bracket j, and actuates, by the connecting-link j?, the bell-crank leverjg, the bell-crank lever j? actuating the valvespindle r4 of the valve 'r and thus lifting it off its seat. Leverj has a studjw secured on it, carrying a bowl j* and a socketjll, the bowl j* engaging with the cam i5 and a finger-piece j extending from the socketjll, engaging between collars on the bowl k7 for the purpose of shifting it laterally, the said bowl 707 being carried by the lever l# and being under the control of the governor by means of the lever k6, thus bringing the said bowl k7 and bowl i4 under the alternate action of their respective cams R5 and j, the said cams being secured upon the lay-shaft 7L', and thereby when bowl j* engages with cam operating the valve o".

The rock-shaft j of lever j carries at its other end a supplementary lever jx, the latter serving to support the before-mentioned stud j. The bowl jl and socket ju have a sliding movement on stud jm, controlled by the collars on bowl k7 and the finger-piece js. The bowl j* rotates freely on the stud j, upon which is also mounted socket 7' 11, their shoulders j being kept in contact with each other by a spring jui.

lt will be seen that when the bowl jJ is in the position shown in Fig. 2X the intermediate mechanism is operated and effects the movement of valve r, which brings cylinder d into open communication with chamber c at this time and allows a volume of air under compression to pass from cylinder a' through port r2 and valve r and pipe r' into the reservoir c, thus utilizing the idle or waste stroke of the motor at the time when combustion is not being effected in the combustion-chamber.

Having described the method by which air is stored in chamber c under compression, we now proceed to describe the method of utilizing it for starting the motor. To do this, the piston and crank of the motor are put into the proper position for starting, the stopcock r3 is opened, and the lever j is elevated by hand, and at the same moment a cam ks, which is arranged to slide lengthwise on the lay-shaft 7L', is slid under the said lever j or under an abutment on same, thus lifting valve r off its seat on the expansion stroke of the piston, the cam 758 continuing to lift the lever j, and thus the valve r, off its seat at this time during the further revolutions of the motor until ignitions are effected, whereby a portion of the compressed air accumulated in the chamber c' during the previous running of the motor, as already described, is allowed to expand into the working cylinder d by way of pipe l7, valve r, and port r2, by means of which a first impulse is given to the piston, which is thus impelled outward by the mechanical action of the compressed air.

As soon as ignitions are effected the cam las IOO IIO

is shifted, so that it will no longer contact with the lever j, the cam ,j now coming into operation again, when the parts again operate to accumulate air under pressure in the chamber c in the manner already explained. We may arrange to slide bowl j* out of gear with cam l7'5 when sufcient air under compression is accu mulated-say by interposing a distance-piece between the shoulders jm. XVe prefer, however, to utilize the air so compressed for starting purposes in combination with a portion of the gaseous vapor produced by the continuous gas-maker and heatingburner, such gaseous Vapor being` allowed to iiow through the pipe and tap ms and valve 3 or 5 (which are operated at this time by hand) into the reduced extended combustionchamber t', where they meet in the combustion-chamber co and its reduced extension z" with compressed air which had been stored up in chamber c', the said compressed air flowing in by way of pipe 7", valve r, and port rinto the cylinder a in the manner before explained. The air thus introduced int-o the cylinder a at superior pressure compresses the combustible gaseous vapor just mentioned into the heated parts of the reduced extended combustion-chamber t and heated tube @'10, where ignition is effected, thus giving an impulse to the motor, when the crank is suitably positioned or the charge may be electrically fired, as is well understood.

In lieu of using gaseous vapor produced by `the continuous gas-maker and heating-b urner we may introduce gaseous vapor made by the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe by connecting the outlet nl, Fig. 19, with the valve of the generator z'.

lVe further provide means foraccu mulating air under pressure to be used for the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe, Fig. 19, and for starting the motor.

Referring to Fig. 22, giving detailed View of the apparatus, and to Fig. 5,showing outline View of the apparatus applied, we employ two vessels s2 s2, containing water or other suitable liquid, connected by pipes S41 S41 and having three-way suction and delivery cocks 35 S5, the lower one serving for suction and the upper one for delivery,and inlet and outlet non-return air-valves 3X and S8, respectively, and also suction and delivery valves (not shown) operating in valve-casing s, attached to a trunk plunger-pump S7 and connected by a rod sw to a crank S9, from which it receives its motion, the latter being operated by hand or by any moving part of the motor, and thus displacing and interchanging the positions of the respective liquid and air volumes in the vessels s2 s2, the air displaced by the water forced forward by each stroke of the trunk plunger-pump $7 being forced under compression through non-return valves SS and branch pipes s3 into a chamber or reservoir, such as c. lVhile the left-hand vessel s2 is being filled with liquid forced by the continuous action of the trunk plunger-pump S7 from the righthand vessel .s2 to the left-hand vessel s2, the air thus compressed passes through the lefthand non-return outlet air-valve S8 vand branch pipe s3, air being simultaneously drawn in through the inlet air-valve 8X on the righthand side. YVhen the left-hand vessel s2 becomes full and the right-hand vessel s2 empty, the three-way cocks S5 $5 are either moved by hand or operated by any moving part of the motor (the mechanism for reversing not shown) when the fiow takes place in the opposite direction,the compressed air then passing through the right-hand non-return outletvalves S8, air at atmospheric pressure being drawn in through the left-hand air-valve SX. It will thus be seen that the compressed air sometimes passes by way of the right-hand non-return outlet air-valve SS; but in both instances passes through the branch pipe S3 into the chamber c,the compressed air thus stored being afterward utilized for the purpose of maintaining an active volume of air, first, to be used for intensifying the heavy carbonaceous flame of the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe by connecting the chamber c' by a branch pipe with the air-inlet pipe n in Fig. 19, the heat from which is utilized in the generatori and reduced extended comb ustioni-chamber 1'.' of the combustion-chamber of the working cylinder previously mentioned; second, to be used for starting by passing a portion of it into the combustion-chamber a of the working cylinder a through pipe fr', valve fr, and port r2, in the manner previously explained, for the purpose of expanding into the combustion-chamber d' of the working cylinder a and impelling the piston forward and thus starting the motor; third, to be used forstarting by passing a portion of it into the combustion-chamber a' of the working cylinder a through pipe r', valve r, and port 'r2 in combination with a portion of the gaseous vapor produced by the continuous gas-maker or the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe, in the manner already explainechfor the purpose of giving an impulse to the piston by the expansion of the compressed air and the ignition of the combustible vapor, and thus starting the motor.

The air compressed by the hydraulic arrangement just described is sometimes used as auxiliary to that described earlier on as being compressed by the action of the piston.

Figs. 2O and 21 show hydraulic arrangements adapted for giving a slight air-pressu re for intensifying the flame of the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe shown in Fig. 19.

l/Vhat we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In hydrocarbon-motors and in combination with the combustion-chamber a. the gasgenerator i having three compartments t i? 'i3 cast in one piece or formed in close contact with each other; ft2, 3, forming a tier of tortuous or winding passages, making two compartments, which have heat imparted by conduction from the compartment t" which forms a reduced extension of the combustion-cham- IOO IIO

j, lever j, link 7'7, and the bell-crank lever ,y

ber a', the compartment t3 serving for the heating of air and the compartment ft2 for the vapor-ization of the hydrocarbon oil led into it by the hydrocarbon-oil conduit 7c, and the mixing of it with the heated air all substantially as set forth.

In hydrocarbon-motors and in combination, the combustion-chamber a the cylinder having a compartment t forming a reduced extension of the combustion-chamber a and having the gas and ai r heaters and mixer t2, surmounted thereon, the said heaters and mixer comprising a tier of tortuous or winding passages forming functionally two compartments and a charge-inlet valve a3 communicating vvith the compartments 'i2 and t, all substantially as set forth.

In hydrocarbon-motors,the cylinder having the combustion-chamber, the gas-generator t' having the compartment t2 for vaporizing the hydrocarbon and the compartment@ forming a reduced extension of the combustionchamber, a charge-inlet valve a3 at one end of the compartment t?, and the valve 5 at the other end of the said compartment t2, communicating with the compartment t by pipe and passage if, whereby a portion of the combustible charge is, upon valve i5 being actuated, diverted from the compartment t2 and admitted into compartment all substantially as set forth.

l. In hydrocarbon-motors the combination of the reservoir d, piston d, combustionchamber a of the Working cylinder u, port r2, valve fr, and pipe fr', the latter leading from the combustion-chamber a/ to chamber cl, main air-inlet valve a, and the intermediate mechanism actuated by cams k and on the lay-shaft 7L and under the control of the governor for the purpose of trapping off air from the combustion-chamber a and storing it under compression in the chamber c' during the idle strokes of the motor, and the mechanism comprising the cam 71:3 adapted to slide along the lay-shaft t' and under level? for actuating valve fr on the expansion stroke of the motor for the purpose of readmitting compressed air from chamber c by Way of pipe fr', valve Ir, and port fr? into the combustion-chamber u. of the cylinder d, either together with or Without a charge of gaseous vapor, and thus giving piston d an impulse or impulses and starting the motor, the charge of gaseous vapor when used being obtained by connecting the generator with pipe ym8 of the continuous gas-maker,the charge passing by Way of valve E or into the reduced extension if of the coinbustion-chamber (said valve or valves being at this time manually operated) all substantially as set forth.

5. In hydrocarbon-oil motors the combination of the combustion-chamber, the generator fz', the continuous gas-maker and heating-burner, and the pipe m8 connecting the latter with the generator t', whereby a portion of the gas made by the continuous gas-maker is introduced into the generator for the purpose of obtaining an earlier start with the motor, all substantially as set forth.

f3. In hydrocarbon-oil motors, the combination of the combustion-chamber, the generator t' and the continuous gas-maker and heating-burner having a regulating-tap, being so attached to the generator t' as to receive heat from the generator 7,' by conduction during the Working of the motor so that upon opening the regulating-tap m4 the hydrocarbon oil entering the continuous gas-maker is vaporized and the heating-burner m5 may thus be relighted Without having first to raise its teinperature by the aid of a liame, for the purpose of preparing for stoppages and sustaining the heat of the generator i ready for restarting the motor or While running the motor light, all substantially as set forth.

7. In hydrocarbon-motors, the combination of the combustion-chamber, the generator t', the continuous gas-maker and heating-burner, the latter being attached to the generatori for the purpose of receiving heat from same, and the bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe for the intense preliminary heating of the gas-generator t' and at the same time the continuous gas-maker all substantially as set forth.

S. In hydrocarbon-oil motors, the combination of the combustion-chamber, the generator il the continuous gas-maker, abunsenized oil-gas bloWpipe for the intense preliminary heating of the generator t' and the continuous gas-maker, and a hydraulic apparatus for the purpose of producing an air-pressure to be utilized for intensifying the flame of the said bunsenized oil-gas blowpipe, all substantially as set forth.

9. In a hydrocarbon-motor,the combination of the combustion-chamber, and compressedair chamber, a hydraulic apparatus having a branch pipe s3 connecting it to chamber c,pipe fr connecting chamber c With valve fr, valve o, port fr?, combustion-chamber a', piston d, lay-shaft 71', cam ks and connecting mechanism consisting of lever j, link j?, bell-crank lever y2, for actuating valve r on the expansion stroke, and permitting the air compressed by the hydraulic apparatus and stored in cylinder c to expand into the combustionchamber a', either together with or Without a charge of gaseous vapor the continuous gasmaker, and introduced into the connectingpipe 'ms between said generator and gasmaker, the charge passing into the reduced extension t by Way of valvet'orz'3 (said valve or valves being at this time manually operated) for the purpose of impelling the piston d forward and starting the motor, all substantially as set forth.

l O. In hydrocarbon-motors the combination of the combustion-chamber, the generator t' and a hydrocarbon-oil-measuring apparatus, comprising a tank, a plate therein having an inlet and an outlet for the oil, a movable plate having pockets or openings to convey the oil from the inlet to the outlet, an upper IOO IIO

confining-plate for the movable plate and means for operating the movable plate, the plates of the said feeding device being entirel)T immersed in the liquid of the tank, substantially as described.

ll. In hydrocarbon-nlotors, the combination of the combustion-chamber, the generatore' and a hydrocarbon-oil-measuring apparatus, in combination with an oil-motor and its vaporizing-chain bei', an oil-supply apparatus comprising a tank, a plate therein having an inlet and outlet opening, a movable plate having oil pockets or openings eX- A tending through the same, a top plate, a venttube extending` through the same and means for operating the movable plate,substantially as described.

l2. In combination with the cylinder and piston with the combustion-chalnberin the cylinder, the gas-generator t' connected with the cylinder and the combustion-chamber thereof, and the continuous gas-maker and heating-burner connected with the generator to be heated therefrom by conduction said gasniaker and burner comprising the two tubular parts m, m', one tting into the other and formed with a spiral groove m2 between their faces communicating with a hydrocarbon-oil inlet 'm3 and regulating-valve m4 and havingr the hydrocarbon-oil gas outlet and jet, substantially as described.

In Witness whereof We have hereunto set our hands in presence of two Witnesses.

EDMUND VISEMAN. JOHN I-IOLROYD. Witnesses:

XVM. HARRIS, JOSEPH LAKE. 

